窥知

The Treatment of Epilepsy.pdf The Treatment of Epilepsy The Treatment of Epilepsy, Third Edition Edited by S. Shorvon, E. Perucca and J. Engel © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-405-18383-3 The Treatment of Epilepsy EDITED BY Simon Shorvon MA MB BChir MD FRCP Professor in Clinical Neurology UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London and Consultant Neurologist National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, United Kingdom Emilio Perucca MD PhD FRCP(Edin) Professor of Medical Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics University of Pavia and Director, Clinical Trial Center Institute of Neurology IRCCS C Mondino Foundation Pavia, Italy Jerome Engel Jr MD PhD Jonathan Sinay Distinguished Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences Director, UCLA Seizure Disorder Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA, USA Foreword by Solomon Moshé MD Professor of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pediatrics Vice-Chairman, Department of Neurology Director, Pediatric Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA President of the International League Against Epilepsy THIRD EDITION A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2009, © 1996, 2004, 2009 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. The contents of this work are intended to further general scientifi c research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specifi c method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifi cally disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fi tness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifi cations, changes in governmental regula- tions, and the constant fl ow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The treatment of epilepsy / edited by Simon D. Shorvon, Emilio Perucca, Jerome Engel. – 3rd ed. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-8383-3 1. Epilepsy–Treatment. I. Shorvon, S. D. (Simon D.) II. Perucca, Emilio. III. Engel, Jerome. [DNLM: 1. Epilepsy–drug therapy. 2. Epilepsy–surgery. 3. Anticonvulsants–therapeutic use. WL 385 T7831 2009] RC372.T67 2009 616.8′53061–dc22 2008053866 ISBN: 978-1-4051-8383-3 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 8.75 on 11.5 pt Sabon by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in Singapore by Fabulous Printers Pte Ltd. 1 2009 v List of Contributors, ix Foreword, xv Preface to the Third Edition, xvii Preface to the First Edition, xix History of the Drug Treatment of Epilepsy Between 1955 and 1989 with Special Reference to the Role of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), xxi Simon Shorvon Section 1 – Introduction 1 Defi nitions and Classifi cation of Epilepsy, 3 Christina A. Gurnett and W. Edwin Dodson 2 Epidemiology and Prognosis of Epilepsy, 21 Lars Forsgren and Dale Hesdorffer 3 Aetiology of Epilepsy, 33 Simon D. Shorvon 4 Differential Diagnosis of Epilepsy, 55 Mark Cook 5 Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis, 67 Giuliano Avanzini and Silvana Franceschetti 6 Antiepileptic Drug Discovery, 81 H. Steve White 7 Mechanisms of Antiepileptic Drug Action, 91 Matthew C. Walker, Rainer Surges and Andrew Fisher 8 Mechanisms of Tolerance and Drug Resistance, 109 Wolfgang Löscher and Dieter Schmidt Section 2 – Principles of Medical Management 9 General Principles of Medical Management, 121 Emilio Perucca 10 Management of Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy, 141 Yvonne M. Hart 11 Management of Chronic Active Epilepsy in Adults, 153 Simon D. Shorvon 12 Management of Epilepsy in Remission, 163 Patrick Kwan and Howan Leung 13 Management of Epilepsy in Infants, 171 Catherine Chiron 14 Management of Childhood Epilepsy Syndromes, 179 Colin D. Ferrie 15 Management of Epilepsies Associated with Specifi c Diseases in Children, 195 John H. Livingston 16 Management of Epilepsy in the Elderly, 203 Hiba Arif, Anil Mendiratta and Lawrence J. Hirsch 17 Management of Epilepsy in People with Learning Disabilities, 219 Eylert Brodtkorb 18 Emergency Treatment of Seizures and Status Epilepticus, 231 Matthew C. Walker and Simon D. Shorvon 19 Traumatic Brain Injury and Other Risks, 249 Marc Dichter and Nancy R. Temkin 20 Management of Medical Co-morbidity Associated with Epilepsy, 259 Gagandeep Singh 21 Psychiatric Features of Epilepsy and their Management, 273 Brent Elliott, Meriem Amarouche and Simon D. Shorvon 22 Management of Side-effects of Antiepileptic Drugs, 289 Gaetano Zaccara, Fabrizio Balestrieri and Aldo Ragazzoni 23 Ketogenic Diets, 301 Eric H. Kossoff and Jennifer L. Dorward 24 Non-pharmacological, Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Epilepsy, 311 Tom Whitmarsh Contents ...