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Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI With Functional Correlations.pdf Contents I J. C. Tamraz, Y. G. Comair Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI Softcover Edition Contents III 1234 J. C. Tamraz, Y. G. Comair Atlas of Regional Anatomy of the Brain Using MRI With Functional Correlations Foreword by Hans Otto Lüders With 458 Figures in 817 Separate Illustrations 123 IV Contents Jean C. Tamraz, MD, PhD Professor and Chairman Department of Neuroradiology Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital Saint-Joseph University Beirut, Lebanon Youssef G. Comair, MD, FRCSC Professor and Chief Division of Neurosurgery American University of Beirut Consultant Neurosurgeon The Cleveland Clinic Foundation 44122 Cleveland, Ohio, USA ISBN 3-540-27876-1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 978 3-540-27876-4 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Tamraz, J. C. (Jean Chucri), 1954- Atlas of regional anatomy of the brain using MRI : with functional correlations / J.C. Tamraz and Y.G. Comair. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3540640991 (hardcover; alk. paper) ISBN 3540278761 (softcover; alk. paper) 1. Brain--Anatomy--Atlases. 2. Brain--Magnetic resonance imaging--Atlases. I. Comair, Y. G. (Youssef G.) [DNLM: 1. Brain--anatomy & histology--Atlases. 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging--Atlases. WL 17 T159a 2000] QM455.T35 2000 611’.81’0222--dc21 99-044535 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. 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Cover-Design: Studio Calamar Typesetting: Verlagsservice Teichmann, Mauer Printed on acid-free paper – 21/3151xq – 5 4 3 2 1 Contents V Foreword The anatomical dissections of Mundini dei Luzzi in 1316, mark the beginning of an era extending over more than 5 centuries in which the study of the brain was limited, almost exclusive1y, to description of its gross anatomy derived from the inspection of gross anatomical specimens. In the 19th century, new techniques like histology and electrical stimu1ation were developed allowing the fi rst cor- relation studies of cortical anatomy and brain function. Shortly thereafter, the development of recording techniques of evoked potentials and spontaneous brain waves (EEG) further enhanced our understanding of brain function as a function of its anatomical correlation. One major limitation of all these studies was that at that time no technique was available to defi ne the anatomy of the brain without its direct visualization. In other words, precise anatomo- functional correlation studies were only possible in experimental studies in animals, the unusual setting of human craniotomies and by careful clinico-pathological studies. These last studies also shed some light on the functions of structures that had been affected by a pathological process, and in the late 19th century and early 20th century, research efforts of clinical neuroscientists focused on anatomo-functional cor- relation studies making brain anatomy one of their pillars. However, soon these research techniques reached a limit and, progressively research efforts focused on pathogenesis, therapeutics and the development of clinical diagnostic tech- niques. Clinicians soon realized that precise knowledge of brain anatomy was not necessarily an essential clinical tool and brain anatomy classes in neuroscience curricula became only of secondary importance. However, technological advances that had its beginnings in the early 1950’s eventually lead to a reversal of this trend. A pioneer role in this development was played by the French school lead of Talairach and Bancaud. Taking advantage of newly developed imaging techniques, Talairach realized that angiography could be used effectively to defi ne “non-invasively” the sulcal anatomy of the brain. This led to the development of the “Talairach Atlas”, which even today, can be applied practically. Equally important, however, was the collaboration of Talairach with Bancaud that established functional correlations of the anatomical studies of Talairach. These pioneer studies of Talairach and Bancaud certainly led to signifi - cant contributions of our understanding of human anatomy and its physiological correlates. Unfortunately, the studies had only a limited impact in the general clinical neurosciences since they were only applicable to a very selected number of patients. Recent neuroimaging developments, particularly high resolution MRI, pro- vided the tools necessary to make detailed brain anatony available to all neu- roscientist on a routine basis. This availability, and the expanded understand- ing of human anatomo-neurophysiological correlates, has led to a resurgence of the interest of clinical neurophysiologist in gross human brain anatomy and its functional corre1ates. Tamraz and Comair’s book on regional anatomy of the human brain using MRI, is certainly a welcome addition that fulfi lls our growing need for books ...