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MRI CLINICS - Cranial nerves and Head & Neck.pdf Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America Register or Login: Password: Auto-Login [Reminder] Search for Advanced Search - MEDLINE - My Recent Searches - My Saved Searches - Search Tips CLINIC HOME CURRENT ISSUE PREVIOUS ISSUES SEARCH THIS CLINIC FORTHCOMING ISSUES CLINIC INFORMATION • Consulting Editor • Author Information • Abstracting/Indexing • Contact Information • Media Information • Permissions • Buy Back Issues RELATED SITES More periodicals: FIND A PERIODICAL FIND A PORTAL GO TO PRODUCT CATALOG Issue Alert me when new journal issues are available. Add TOC Alert August 2002 (Vol. 10, Issue 3) View Selected Abstracts Display: Foreword Head and neck MR imaging I by Mirowitz SA page ix Full Text | PDF (56 KB) Preface Head and neck MR imaging I by Mukherji SK page xi Full Text | PDF (64 KB) Review article Imaging of the upper cranial nerves I, III–VIII, and the cavernous sinuses by Castillo M pages 415-431 Full Text | PDF (4904 KB) Review article Imaging of the lower cranial nerves by Laine FJ, Underhill T pages 433-449 Full Text | PDF (3907 KB) Review article Laryngeal imaging by Yousem DM, Tufano RP pages 451-465 Full Text | PDF (2092 KB) Review article Imaging of neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses by Loevner LA, Sonners AI pages 467-493 Full Text | PDF (6336 KB) Review article Imaging of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus by Schmalfuss IM pages 495-509 Full Text | PDF (3284 KB) Review article MR imaging of perineural tumor spread by Ginsberg LE pages 511-525 Full Text | PDF (6070 KB) file:///C|/temporal/MRI%20Clinics%20Agosto%202002.html (1 de 2)07/03/2004 14:25:01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America Review article MR imaging of lymph nodes in the head and neck by Ishikawa M, Anzai Y pages 527-542 Full Text | PDF (2204 KB) Index pages 543-545 PDF (37 KB) View Selected Abstracts Display: © 2004 Elsevier, Inc. | Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | Feedback | About Us | Help | Contact Us file:///C|/temporal/MRI%20Clinics%20Agosto%202002.html (2 de 2)07/03/2004 14:25:01 Foreword Head and neck MR imaging I Guest Editor Head and neck imaging is a topic that has not been previously addressed in the Magnetic Reso- nance Imaging Clinics of North America. This is an important area of imaging and one that is a fre- quent source of frustration for many radiologists, particularly those whose involvement with such cases is infrequent. It is the intent of this two-part series to comprehensively address the technical, clinicopathological, and interpretive issues in- volved in head and neck MR imaging. Dr. Suresh Mukherji is one of the leading head and neck radiologists in the world today. Dr. Mukherji performed his residency training at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, followed by a fellowship in Head and Neck and Neuroradiology at the University of Florida. He began his aca- demic career at the University of North Carolina, where he was Chief of Head and Neck Radiology. In 2001 he moved to the University of Michigan to assume the roles of Chief of Neuroradiology and Head and Neck Radiology, as well as Neuro- radiology Fellowship Program Director. He is also an Associate Professor of Radiology and of Oto- laryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Dr. Mukherji has published over 200 manu- scripts that describe important insights regarding the approach to imaging patients with head and neck conditions. He is the author of several text- books, including Modern Head and Neck Imaging. In addition to being a prolific author, he is also a highly regarded teacher and has served on course faculty and as visiting professor throughout the world. His innovative work has been recognized with many awards and grants. I would like to extend my appreciation to Dr. Mukherji and to his team of contributing authors for their exceptional efforts in putting together this issue of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America. I trust that readers will find it to be a timely and practical guide to the application of MR imaging of the head and neck. Scott A. Mirowitz, MD Professor and Chairman Department of Radiology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center 200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA Scott A. Mirowitz, MD 1064-9689/02/$ - see front matter
2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. PII: S 1 0 6 4 - 9 6 8 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 2 9 - 6 Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 10 (2002) ix Preface Head and neck MR imaging I Guest Editor Dedications: To my lovely wife, Rita, and our children, Anika and Janak. To my mother, Chandra Mukherji, MD, for her strength during difficult times, and undying love and encouragement. I love you! In loving memory of my father, Phatick K. Mukherji, MD, who instilled in me the belief that no hard work goes unrewarded. I don’t want to understand the future, I want to create it. — Anonymous I was honored to be asked to edit this edition of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America primarily because of the subject matter. In the 1980s and early 1990s, clinicians were gaining experience with MR, and there was constant debate as to whether CT or MR was the superior modality. With time, I think it can be agreed upon that both modalities can be success- fully used to evaluate a variety of head and neck abnormalities and that, in certain cases, CT and MR are indeed complimentary modalities. It is with this in mind that I began developing this issue of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America. The intent of this issue is to present comprehensive articles by experi- enced authors that reflect the ‘‘standard of care’’ for MR in each author’s particular subject matter. In fact, the articles were so comprehensive that the issue had to be split into two separate issues. These two issues (parts 1 and 2) are intended to be concise but comprehensive overviews that can be used by both private practice and academic radiologists. However, it is also intended that the information contained in these two issues benefit otolaryngologists and radiation oncologists, who spend a significant amount of time treating patients with head and neck tumors. I wish to thank all the authors for their invalu- able contribution to these two issues of the Mag- netic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America. The authors clearly represent many of the current and future leaders of head and neck radiology. I am honored to have them as colleagues, but I am most proud to call them my friends. Suresh K. Mukherji, MD Chief of Neuroradiology and Head and Neck Radiology Neuroradiology Fellowship Program Director Associate Professor of Radiology and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery University of Michigan Health System Department of Radiology, B2B311-0030 1500 East Medical Center Drive Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0030, USA Suresh K. Mukherji, MD 1064-9689/02/$ - see front matter
2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. PII: S 1 0 6 4 - 9 6 8 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 2 8 - 4 Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 10 (2002) xi Imaging of the upper cranial nerves I, III–VIII, and the cavernous sinuses Mauricio Castillo, MD Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3326 Old Infirmary Building, CB #7510, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA This article discusses the upper cranial nerves (I, III–VIII) and their anatomy as it pertains to intra-axial nuclei and tracts, cisternal portions, and extracranial portions. The most common pathologic processes affecting the upper cranial nerves are discussed and illustrated. Because the evaluation of small structures requires imaging techniques that provide high resolution and con- trast, MR imaging has become the examination of choice. CT still plays a limited but important role in the evaluation of intraosseous portion of some cranial nerves. Olfactory nerves (I) The olfactory nerves originate from specialized cells located in the mucous membranes of the nasal vault [1]. Their fibers traverse the cribriform plates and form the olfactory bulbs. The olfactory tracts extend from the bulbs posteriorly to the trigones. The olfactory bulbs measure 6 to 14 mm in length and 3 to 7 mm in width. The olfactory tracts are approximately 25 mm long and 3 mm wide. The olfactory bulbs are located immediately lateral to the crista galli (which, at times, contains fatty mar- row and is hyperintense on T1-weighted images), superior to the cribriform plates, and are easily identified on coronal T1-weighted images (Fig. 1A, B). The bulbs are seen inferiorly to olfactory sulci, which separate the gyri rectus (medial) from the orbitofrontal gyri (lateral). The signal intensity of the olfactory bulbs and nerves is similar to that of white matter in all MR sequences. Although a recent report describes their appearance on axial, sagittal, and coronal images, this author finds that they can be routinely identified only in the coronal projection. Identification of the first cranial nerve on axial and sagittal images can be difficult because of partial volume effects. The primary olfactory neurons are located in the nasal mucosa and join the secondary sensory neurons located in the bulbs. As they enter the brain, the tracts divide into three components: the lateral striae, the intermediate striae, and the medial striae, which also give off branches going into the anterior commissure. The lateral striae are the most important; they are larger and extend into the medial aspect of the temporal lobes (ento- rhinal cortex). The intermediate striae terminate at the anterior perforated substance, and the medial striae extend to the subcallosal (septal) region. The diagonal band of Broca connects all of the olfactory areas. Via connections in the brainstem and thalami, stimulation of the olfactory nerves is coupled to responses in salivation and gastroin- testinal peristalsis. Most anosmias are caused by viral infections, smoking, or trauma [1]. Congenital absence of the olfactory nerves, hypogonadism, and pituitary gland abnormalities (small anterior lobe, ectopic posterior lobe) are seen in Kallmann syndrome [2,3]. Meningioma may arise in the region of the anterior cranial fossa, resulting in anosmia (Fig. 2). Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuro- blastoma) is a rare tumor arising from the nerve fibers in the nasal cavity vault. Subfrontal abscesses seen in meningitis and/or sinusitis may also cause anosmia (Fig. 3). The olfactory nerves are not true nerves but, similar to the optic nerves, may be considered as tracts. The most common causes of anosmia are trauma (particularly in olderE-mail address: castillo@med.unc.edu (M. Castillo). 1064-9689/02/$ - see front matter
2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. PII: S 1 0 6 4 - 9 6 8 9 ( 0 2 ) 0 0 0 0 9 - 0 Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 10 (2002) 415–431 ...