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Nosocomial+Pneumonia.pdf Nosocomial Pneumonia Nosocomial pneumonia: Strategies for Management Edited by Jordi Rello © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-05955-5 Nosocomial Pneumonia Strategies for Management Edited by Jordi Rello Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, University Rovira i Virgili. CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Tarragona, Spain Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone +44 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (+44) 1243 770620. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Other Wiley Editorial Offices John Wiley & Sons Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Jossey-Bass, 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Boschstr. 12, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 33 Park Road, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2 Clementi Loop #02-01, Jin Xing Distripark, Singapore 129809 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 6045 Freemont Blvd, Mississauga, Ontario, L5R 4J3, Canada Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Anniversary Logo Design: Richard J. Pacifico Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Nosocomial pneumonia : strategies for management / edited by Jordi Rello. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-470-05955-5 (alk. paper) 1. Pneumonia. 2. Nosocomial infections. I. Rello, Jordi. [DNLM: 1. Pneumonia—therapy. 2. Cross Infection—prevention & control. 3. Cross Infection—therapy. 4. Pneumonia—prevention & control. 5. Respiration, Artificial—adverse effects. WC 202 N8975 2007] RC771.N672 2007 616.2′41—dc22 2007014616 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-470-05955-5 Typeset in 10.5/12.5pt Times by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production. Contents Preface vii List of Contributors ix Abbreviations xiii 1 Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia: Epidemiology, Microbiology and Clinical Outcomes 1 Marcos I Restrepo and Antonio Anzueto 2 Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia 11 Rafael Sierra and Antonio Gordillo 3 Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia 43 Emilio Bouza, Almudena Burillo and Patricia Muñoz 4 Pathophysiology of Pneumonia 63 Amalia Alcón, Mauricio Valencia, Neus Fàbregas and Antoni Torres 5 Clinical Approach to the Patient with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia 79 Miguel Gallego and Jordi Rello 6 Pneumonia Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa 93 Jordi Vallés and Dolors Mariscal 7 Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Staphylococcus aureus 107 Despoina Koulenti and Kemal Agbaht 8 Nosocomial Pneumonia by Acinetobacter baumannii 131 José Garnacho-Montero, Ma Eugenia Pachón-Ibáñez and José M. Cisneros-Herreros 9 Fungal Pneumonia 145 George Dimopoulos, Evangelos Papadomichelakis and Petros Kopterides ...