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Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology.pdf Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology Second Edition Michael C. Brodsky Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology Second Edition Michael C. Brodsky, M.D. Professor of Ophthalmology and Neurology Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota USA ISBN 978-0-387-69066-7 e-ISBN 978-0-387-69069-8 DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-69069-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010922363 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connec-tion with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with re-spect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To the good angels in my life, past and present, who lifted me on their wings and carried me through the storms. vii Foreword The first edition of Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology, published in 1995, filled an important gap in the disciplines of pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, and pediatric neurology. It was written in a clear and concise style, which made the volume valuable to the general ophthalmologist seeing children and the pediatric specialists. The book’s large audience, com- bined with its readability and inclusive contents, combined to make Pediatric Neuro- Ophthalmology such a success in its genre. Almost 15 years have elapsed since the initial publication, and the growth of the body of knowledge of the developing visual system, sensory and motor, as well as the diseases associ- ated with that sweeping cascade of events, is little short of astonishing. Hence, the need at this juncture for a revised second edition. This new edition is by no means a cursory glance back- ward at the published literature, as so many second editions of large, multi-authored books can be, but, rather, an in depth, concentrated and critical look at publications since. The author has fitted in the new pieces to update the text, photographs, and references where indicated. This new edition broadens our understanding not only on a phenomenological level but also by add- ing molecular and genetic mechanisms, insights from population genetics, epidemiology, and advances in other fields far from its domain it burnishes the insight and understanding of the reader. Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology very much bear the unique touch of its author. A glance at chapter one, “The Apparently Blind Infant,” will clarify what I mean. The chapter is nearly twice as long, with greatly expanded references. Most importantly, this growth is packed with important new insights without slighting the older but still valid and important observations from the past. For example, the discovery of melanopsin, a bistable visual protein found not in rods or cones but in ganglion cells of the retina, is now known to contribute to our normal pupillary reaction to light. Its probable role in the peculiar paradoxical constriction to darkness is both noted and the connection made to congenital stationary night blindness and achro- matopsia, along with other visual system conditions where pupil anomalies are found. These are the types of insights that make this book a delight for the novice as well as for the clinician experienced in the field. In closing, I can but reprise my words from the first edition. “I see it as my responsibility to put this work in perspective for the reader- to-be”—be he novice or specialist, he or she will be rewarded with a truly unique text. “It is both a joy and privilege to write the Foreword again. I have learned immensely from the task.” John T. Flynn, MD Bolton Landing, Lake George, NY ...