医学Stem Cells.pdf
医学Stem Cells.pdf
Stem Cells:
Scientific Progress and
Future Research Directions
STEM CELLS:
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS
AND FUTURE
RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
June 2001
This page intentionally left blank
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ES-1
Chapter 1: The Stem Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 2: The Embryonic Stem Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 3: The Human Embryonic Stem Cell
and The Human Embryonic Germ Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 4: The Adult Stem Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter 5: Hematopoietic Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Chapter 6: Autoimmune Diseases and the Promise
of Stem Cell-Based Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Chapter 7: Stem Cells and Diabetes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Chapter 8: Rebuilding the Nervous System with Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Chapter 9: Can Stem Cells Repair a Damaged Heart? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 10: Assessing Human Stem Cell Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Chapter 11: Use of Genetically Modified Stem Cells in
Experimental Gene Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Appendix A: Early Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
Appendix B: Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Appendix C: Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Embryonic Germ Cells . . . . . . . . . . C-1
Appendix D: Stem Cell Tables
i. Published Reports on Isolation and Differentiation of Mouse
Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-2
ii. Published Reports on Isolation and Differentiation of Human
Fetal Tissue Germ Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-13
iii. Published Reports on Isolation and Differentiation of Human
Embryonic Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-14
iv. Published Reports on Isolation and Differentiation of Human
Embryonic Carcinoma Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-16
v. Published Reports on Isolation and Differentiation of Human
Adult Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-18
vi. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-22
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Appendix E: Stem Cell Markers
i. Markers: How Do Researchers Use Them to Identify Stem Cells? . . . . . E-1
ii. Commonly Used Markers to Identify Stem Cells and
Characterize Differentiated Cell Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-5
Appendix F: Glossary and Terms
i. Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
ii. Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-11
Appendix G: Informational Resources
i. Persons Interviewed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
ii. Special Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-4
iii. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-5
...
