Fishman's Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders.pdf Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders Volume 1 Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treat- ment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibil- ity of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsi- bility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recom- mendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Fishman’s Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders Fourth Edition Volumes 1 & 2 Editor-in-Chief Alfred P. Fishman, MD William Maul Measey Professor of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Co-Editors Jack A. Elias, MD Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Medicine Chair, Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Jay A. Fishman, MD Associate Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Director, Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program Massachusetts General Hospital Associate Director, MGH Transplantation Center Boston, Massachusetts Michael A. Grippi, MD Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division University of Pennsylvania Health System Chief of Medicine, Philadelphia VA Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Robert M. Senior, MD Dorothy R. and Hubert C. Moog Professor of Pulmonary Diseases in Medicine Professor of Cell Biology & Physiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Allan I. Pack, MB, ChB, PhD Professor of Medicine Chief, Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine Director, Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008, 1998, 1988, 1980 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-164109-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-145739-9. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. 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