International Classification of HRCT.pdf

格式: pdf 页数: 149 文件大小: 14MB 侵权/举报
International Classification of HRCT.pdf

International Classification of HRCT.pdf

格式: pdf 页数: 149 文件大小: 14MB
International Classification of HRCT.pdf Y. Kusaka, K.G. Hering, J.E. Parker (Eds.) International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases Y. Kusaka, K.G. Hering, J.E. Parker (Eds.) International Classification of HRCT for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases With 94 Figures, including 27 in Color Springer Yukinori Kusaka, M.D., Ph.D. Industrial Health Consultant Professor and Chairman Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine Fukui Medical University 23-3 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka-cho, Fukui 910-1193, Japan Kurt G Hering, M.D. Chief Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Radiooncology and Nuclear Medicine Radiologische Klinik, Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Dortmund Wieckesweg 27,44309 Dortmund, Germany John E. Parker, M.D. Professor Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University HSC 475A-9166, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9166, U.S.A. Cover Illustration'. From Georgius Agricola {\556) De Re Metallica, Herbert Clark Hoover and Lou Henry Hoover, translators (1950) Dover Publications, Inc., New York, with permis- This book was financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant- in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Result: Grant No. 165303). ISBN 4-431-23924-3 Springer-Verlag Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2004117722 Printed on acid-free paper © Springer-Verlag Tokyo 2005 Printed in Japan This work, including the CD-ROM, is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book and CD-ROM. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com Typesetting: Camera-ready by the editors and authors Printing and binding: Shinano Inc., Japan Foreword Environmental and occupational exposure to mineral dusts (i.e., pneumoconiosis) has long been known to be an important cause of lung disease. Since the latter half of the twentieth century, the number of pneumoconiosis cases recognized by phy- sicians has increased significantly, related to both an increased likelihood of ex- posure to toxic materials in industry and more detailed surveillance of workers. Our ability to diagnose and subsequently avoid, control, and regulate these harmful exposures has been based on understanding their relationship to clinical symptoms and pathologic lung abnormalities. Fundamental to this understanding has been the widely used system for classification of chest radiographic abnor- malities in pneumoconiosis introduced by the International Labour Office (ILO). Based on this system, the type and degree of lung abnormality could be readily assessed in a population of exposed subjects, and correlations made with exposure severity or duration, morbidity, and mortality. However, the limitations of the ILO system have long been recognized. Chest radiographs are insensitive to the di- agnosis of early abnormalities produced by pneumoconioses, and they lack speci- ficity as well; a number of findings considered abnormal on chest radiographs us- ing ILO criteria are in fact nonspecific and may not be related to pneumoconiosis at all. The development of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) over the last 20 years has revolutionized the diagnosis of all types of lung disease, includ- ing pneumoconiosis. The anatomic detail provided by HRCT, in combination with detailed correlations of HRCT lung abnormalities and histologic findings, has provided a powerful tool for assessment of these diseases. However, a compre- hensive system for the classification and quantification of the lung abnormalities typically seen in patients with pneumoconiosis has been lacking. Without ques- tion, a HRCT system for the classification and quantification of pneumoconiosis, similar to the ILO system, would be valuable in our attempts to accurately diag- nose and effectively prevent these diseases. This monograph provides just such a system. Based on a fundamental under- standing of HRCT, both its technical aspects and anatomic correlations, the au- thors have provided a detailed and comprehensive description of significant HRCT findings and methods for appropriately recording them. They have consid- ered all aspects of the HRCT diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, including the technical aspects of CT, radiation exposure and risks associated with HRCT, the use of ap- propriate terminology in the description of abnormalities, coding systems (includ- ing a review of the ILO system), and pathologic correlations, and they also pro- ...